A native element and precious metal, Gold has long been prized for its beauty, resistance to chemical attack and workability. As it is found as a native element, has a relatively low melting point (1063 degrees Celsius) and is malleable, it has been used by mankind for thousands of years.

Gold is used as a standard for international currency and is also widely used in jewelry, electronics (where its superb properties as a conductor help offset its tremendous cost), dentistry and in photographic processes. 
 
Gold occurs in significant amounts in three main types of deposits: veins of hydrothermal and related origin; in consolidated placer deposits, and in unconsolidated placer deposits. It may also occur in granitic pegmatites, in contact metamorphic deposits, and in hypo-thermal deposits. It is commonly found as disseminated grains in Quartz veins with Pyrite and other sulphides, or as rounded grains, flakes or nuggets in placer deposits and in streams and rivers. Gold is often panned from such deposits by taking advantage of its high density to wash away the lighter sediments from a pan or sluice.

Nuggets are (almost) exclusively hypogene in origin (Hough et al., 2007).